Published: 7. June, 2025
When a child is in acute pain, minutes matter and so does the experience…
When a child is in acute pain, minutes matter and so does the experience of care.
A NIHR Open Research protocol (PANDA) is tackling an uncomfortable reality: despite best intentions, prehospital pain management for children is often ineffective. The protocol cites that in England:
- ~450,000 children & young people are transported by ambulance to Emergency Department each year
- ~20% experience acute pain
- 61% don’t achieve effective pain relief prehospital (e.g., pain score reduction of ≥2/10)
Untreated acute pain in children can have lasting consequences (including altered pain perception, PTSD and chronic pain risk).
The PANDA team is running a realist review to understand what works, for whom, in what circumstances bringing together evidence and insights from clinicians, educators, leaders, and young people.
Read the full article here


